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WHITE PAPER 3. Refrigerant categories There are two main groups of low-GWP refrigerants: • Synthetic refrigerants, which are invented • Natural refrigerants, which are substances that already exist in our environment 3.1 Synthetic refrigerants While there are many individual options for synthetic refrigerants, we can broadly organize these into two main categories: • High-density HFCs refrigerants with lower GWP, such as R32 • Low-density refrigerants, including both hydrofluor- oolefins (HFOs) and HFC-HFO blends Understanding the different options according to these categories greatly simplifies the process of selection. 3.1.1 High-density refrigerants (HFCs with lower GWP) High-density refrigerants represent the first main catego- ry of alternatives on the market today. The most promi- nent of these is R32 or difluoromethane. There are also a few similar, so-called R32-like refrigerants that fall into this category. As an organic compound with zero-ozone-depletion po- tential, R32 offers clear environmental benefits compared to earlier CFCs or HCFCs. R32 also transfers heat more efficiently than refrigerants such as R410A, meaning it can help dramatically reduce energy consumption in, for example, air conditioning applications. However, R32 also presents new challenges. Like many alternative refrigerants, it is mildly flammable. The right equipment and proper safety measures are therefore essential. Additionally, businesses should consider that R32 has a GWP of 675. This is significantly lower than R22 or R410A, but it means that R32 is not be appropri- ate for applications where, for example, European Union or Japanese targets have set thresholds of 150 or lower. Businesses looking for an environmental argument to differentiate their production from the competition may likewise want to consider alternatives with a lower GWP. 6PDF Image | guide for selecting and accommodating refrigerants
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