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WHITE PAPER 4. Market trends As the previous chapter indicates, the first step for selecting a new refrigerant is to consider which alterna- tive makes the most sense for the intended application according to local requirements. However, even within application areas, there are often several options to choose from that will comply with national or regional regulations. It is therefore important to consider how a decision may impact competitive advantage: How do I want to position my product in the market? How do I want to differentiate the product or even the company from my competitors? The answers to these questions can play a big role. Within heating and cooling application areas today, there are several clear trends that provide a starting point for finding these answers. It is important to consider how a decision may impact competitive advantage. 4.1 Heat pumps In the domestic heat pump markets of highly developed regions, synthetic R32 (difluoromethane) has emerged as the leading alternative to the previous R410A standard for heat pump applications. However, R32 is not the only option available. An increasing number of producers are selecting the natural refrigerant R290 (propane) with a substantially lower GWP than R32. CO2 is used as well, especially when higher temperatures are required. Larger commercial and industrial heat pumps which are increasingly used to supply sustainable heating energy to local or district heating networks. These installations are mostly reliant on R717 (ammonia) as the leading natural refrigerant, but the use of synthetic HFO blends is also evolving. R134a – R407A R410A R134a – R407A R410A R134a – R407A R407A Heat pumps, Alternative refrigerants Substance GWP Composition Replacement for R717 (ammonia) 0 – R134a R407A R410A Natural refrigerants Synthetic HFOs R290 (propane) 3 R744 (CO2) 1 R1234ze 7 Synthetic HFC-HFO blends R452B R454B R455B R513B 698 466 148 631 R32/125/1234yf R32/1234yf R32/1234yf/C02 R1234yf/134a R410A R410A R410A R134a Synthetic HFCs R32 675 – R134a R407A R410A 10PDF Image | guide for selecting and accommodating refrigerants
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