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REPORT CONTENTS Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................... 2 Definitions.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Heat Pumps Defined ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Heat Delivery Methods ................................................................................................................................... 6 Heat Pumps Use Refrigerants ........................................................................................................................ 7 Section 1: Typologies of Existing Multifamily Buildings ...................................................................................... 9 Space Heating and Cooling Typologies..........................................................................................................9 Methodology - Typology Determination ........................................................................................................ 10 Domestic Hot Water ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Section 2: Retrofit Primer for Multifamily Building Typologies .......................................................................... 17 Retrofit Project 1: Steam or Hot Water Central Heat Pumps with Hydronic Distribution ........................... 17 Retrofit Project 2: Steam or Hot Water Ground Loop Hydronic with Room-by-Room Heat Pumps ........... 21 Retrofit Project 3: Steam or Hot Water Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps (PTHP) .................................... 24 Retrofit Project 4: Steam or Hot Water High Rise Central Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Distribution........ 27 Retrofit Project 5: Steam High-Rise and Steam or Hot Water Low-Rise Mini-Split Heat Pumps Serving Single Apartments ........................................................................................................................................ 30 Retrofit Project 6: Hot Air Furnace Split Heat Pumps Serving Single Apartments with Ducting ................ 33 Retrofit Project 7: Packaged gas room heaters Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps (PTHP)........................35 Retrofit Project 8: DHW: Central DHW Plant Central AWHP Plant ........................................................... 38 Retrofit Project 9: DHW: Per-Apartment DHW Per-Apartment Heat Pump Water Heaters ....................... 41 Comparison Tables for Retrofit Project Types ................................................................................................. 44 Appendix A: Cost Estimates ............................................................................................................................ 46 Appendix B: Relative Labor Costs for Installers ............................................................................................... 48 Appendix C: Geographic Division and Climate Zone Maps .............................................................................. 49 Steven Winter Associates,Inc. 4PDF Image | HEAT PUMP RETROFIT STRATEGIES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS
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