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For those buildings that already have per-apartment water heaters and are in cooling dominated climates, a HPWH can provide cooling to the apartment while generating hot water, using best practice installation techniques. For those buildings that already have per-apartment water heaters and are in mixed climates or those with significant heating needs, a HPWH located in the conditioned space will use heat from the apartment and increase heating load. Retrofits in these climates need careful consideration of the overall heating load impact when the water heaters will use warm air from inside the apartments. If the space heating plant is inefficient or unhealthy, only outdoor air should be used as the heat source. There are two potential options if the space heating plant is inefficient or unhealthy for these climate zones, depending on the space heating and cooling setup in the building: 1. Install a residential scale split system, which uses an outdoor unit for each indoor storage tank. This method results in a space demand for outdoor units, which is more viable for spread out apartment complexes. 2. Take advantage of the hydronic space heating distribution as the heat source and use a small water-source heat pump to heat domestic hot water. The hydronic distribution must either supply heating energy year-round, or the water heater needs to switch to a different heat source. These retrofit options are described in detail starting on page 38. Figure 8 relates the retrofit paths to the DHW typologies. Figure 8. Retrofit strategies for DHW systems in multifamily buildings, depending on existing systems and space heating and cooling needs. Steven Winter Associates,Inc. 16PDF Image | HEAT PUMP RETROFIT STRATEGIES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS
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