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Figure 3-9 Source of drilling photo: thegeoexchange.org Figure 3-10 vs. 2. Noninvasive installation: Installing geothermal earth loops is highly disruptive to existing landscapes. Although the equipment needed for horizontal and vertical earth loop installations is available in most areas of North America, the use of that equipment, especially on established landscapes, if very invasive. Complete restoration of established landscapes can take weeks or months. The cost of such restorations should be included as part of the geothermal heat pump installation. 3. Ground water protection: Laws intended to protect ground water can impact the installation of geothermal earth loops. Deep boreholes have the potential to reach ground water aquifers. Surface runoff or spillage of potentially toxic materials during installation is a possibility, as is surface seepage into boreholes that are not properly sealed. Although proper techniques minimize these threats, they should be evaluated and factored into the logistics and cost of earth loop installations. These factors are not present when an air-to-water heat pump is installed. After installation there remains a possibility, albeit small, that the earth loop could be damaged by future excavations. Although obviously unintentional, these situations have occurred due to lack of accurate mapping of where the buried piping is located. Spillage of the antifreeze solution from ruptured piping into surrounding soil is possible. When non-toxic antifreeze such as propylene glycol is used, it’s unlikely that such spillage would warrant emergency actions. However, methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol, loops) or extensive drilling (for installing vertical earth loops). Although costs vary regionally and with specific site conditions, current estimated vertical earth loop installation costs range from about $2,000 to $3,500 per ton of heat pump capacity. At an average of $2,750 per ton of capacity, a typical 4-ton rated vertical earth loop field would cost $11,000. This is exclusive of the heat pump and any other interior portion of the system. In contrast, a typical air-to-water heat pump is installed on a small support stand adjacent to the building is serves. The total exterior installation cost, excluding the heat pump, is likely in the range of $500-800. The cost of the geothermal earth loop is eliminated, and thus a major portion of the installation cost associated with a geothermal heat pump is avoided. 24PDF Image | Heat Pump Systems 2020
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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