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Figure 4-11 outside air cold domestic water DHW ASSE1017 anti-scald valve outside air no-lead spring check stainless steel circulator desuperheater indoor unit valve space heating load split system air-to-water heat pump condensate drain rev. electric water heater outdoor unit refrigerant line set DHW electric water heater (in heating mode) no-lead spring check cold domestic water ASSE1017 anti-scald valve preheat tank compressor condenser evaporator TXV outside inside Split system heat pumps with interior compressors also allow the possibility of adding a desuperheater heat exchanger to the indoor unit. The desuperheater is used to heat domestic water by absorbing heat from the hot refrigerant gas leaving the compressor before that gas reaches the reversing valve or condenser. Figure 4-11 shows how a desuperheater is used in this type of heat pump. Because it receives hot refrigerant gas directly from the compressor, the desuperheater is able to heat domestic water whenever the compressor is running, in heating or cooling mode. In cooling mode, heat transferred to domestic water is heat that would otherwise be wasted by dissipation from the condenser coil into outside air. As such, it is “free” heat. Some heat pumps have controls that limit the domestic hot water temperature produced by the desuperheater to approximately 130oF. When the water leaving the desuperheater reaches this temperature, the small stainless steel circulator inside the heat pump’s indoor unit turns off. The hot refrigerant gas leaving the compressor just passes through the desuperheater and flows on to the reversing valve and condenser. Some designers prefer to use two domestic water tanks in systems where the heat pump has a desuperheater. The tank that receives the cold domestic water is a “preheat” tank. The cooler water in this tank circulates through the heat pump’s desuperheater, allowing it to operate at a lower temperature. This improves the heat pump’s performance, especially in systems where the hydronic distribution system operates at low water temperatures. Warm water from the preheat tank flows into the electric water heater whenever there’s a draw of domestic hot water. The elements in the electric water heater operate, if necessary, to raise the water to the desired setpoint temperature. An ASSE 1017-rated thermal mixing valve should always be installed to ensure that the water temperature sent to the hot water fixtures doesn’t exceed 120oF. 34PDF Image | Heat Pump Systems 2020
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