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Figure 6-10 Heat pump performance (e.g., both cooling capacity and EER) increases as chilled water temperatures increase. To achieve the best heat pump performance, designers should use the highest chilled water temperature that can ensure adequate sensible and latent cooling. Chilled water supply temperatures in the range of 50 to 60oF are possible with some fan-coils and are well within the operating range of air-to-water heat pumps. LOW-TEMPERATURE FIN-TUBE BASEBOARD Fin-tube baseboard was originally developed for the high water temperatures available from conventional boilers. It was often sized for supply water temperatures of 180oF to 200oF, and in some cases even higher. This is much higher than the water temperatures air-to-water heat pumps can produce. Thus, traditional fin-tube baseboard is not recommended in such applications. However, as the global hydronics industry moves toward low water temperature distribution systems, some manufacturers have developed “low-temperature” fin-tube convector products. The fin-tube element shown in Figure 6-11 has significantly greater fin area compared to that of a standard element. It also has two tubes passing through the fins. This allows significantly higher heat output at lower water temperatures. The rated output of the fin- tube element in Figure 6-11, with both tubes operating in parallel, is 272 Btu/hr/ft at an entering water temperature of 90oF, and 532 Btu/hr/ft at a water temperature of 120oF, both at a total flow rate of 1 gallon per minute. Figure 6-11 CAST IRON RADIATORS Many older homes have existing cast iron radiators. They may have been part of an original steam heating system, or they might have operated with water. If the cast iron radiators were originally sized for a poorly insulated or uninsulated building, and that building was Allowing condensation to occur on these heat emitters can quickly lead to water stains, corrosion, mold, and in the case of radiant panels — major damage to the materials making up the panels. One heat emitter that can serve as a “cooling emitter” as well as a heat emitter is a fan-coil equipped with a condensate drip pan. One example of such a product is shown in Figure 6-10. This fan-coil combines a large surface “coil” made of copper tubing with aluminum fins, with a low-power tangential blower located under the coil. A drip pan is also located under the blower. It catches water droplets that form on the coil and eventually drip from it. The captured condensate is drained away from the unit by gravity through a small tube and disposed of outside the building or into a suitable drainage system. If no drain is available at a lower elevation than the drip pan, the condensate can be routed to a condensate pump, which will move it upward to a suitable drain. Modern fan-coils designed for heating and cooling operation can be sized to operate at a relatively low supply water temperature in heating (e.g., 120oF or less). Their cooling performance is based on the temperature of chilled water supplied to the coil. Lower water temperatures improve both sensible and latent cooling capacity. Designers need to assess the sensible and latent ratings of perspective fan-coils to ensure adequate overall cooling. (Source: Stirling Environmental) Courtesy of Myson 51PDF Image | Heat Pump Systems 2020
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