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Figure 7-5 side of the building where solar radiation can create a “microclimate” that slightly warms the surrounding air. Always consider that any outdoor unit will emit some sound when operating. Units with inverter compressors and variable-speed fans tend to produce less sound than those with fixed- speed compressors. Still, avoid mounting locations near outdoor patios, decks or bedroom windows. The length of the refrigeration line set should be factored into the decision on mounting location. In general, the shorter the line set, the better the heat pump’s heating and cooling performance. Manufacturers typically charge the outdoor unit with sufficient refrigerant to accommodate a specified length of line set. Length allowances of 15 to 30 feet are common. If the line set has to be longer, additional refrigerant must be added to the system when it is commissioned. Although there are instances where condenser units for air-conditioning systems have been mounted on low concrete slabs or plastic pedestals, this is not recommended for air- to-water heat pumps, especially in cold northern climates. Mounting the outdoor unit near ground level tends to increase debris accumulation on the coil and make the unit more vulnerable to insects, rodents and animal urine. Snow accumulation can interfere with air flow through the evaporator coil and fans. Melt water from defrosting can also accumulate and refreeze on slabs, possibly damaging the unit. Once the outdoor unit of a split system is connected to the refrigeration piping, it is good practice to close off any gaps where this piping joins the outdoor cabinet. Gaps at this location provide an entry point for mice, which can chew on wiring and insulation, build nests or otherwise degrade internal components. Figure 7-6 shows an outdoor unit mounted on a simple commercially available steel stand that elevates it above the ground. The legs of this stand are bolted to pressure-treated 2x6 boards that are leveled and placed slightly below finish grade. The area under the unit was then covered with a landscaping fabric to prevent weed growth. Crushed stone was placed over the landscape fabric to keep it in place. All fasteners are stainless steel. The national electric code requires a service disconnect adjacent to every outdoor heat pump or air- conditioning condenser. It should be Figure 7-6 mounted close to, but not behind the unit, as seen in Figure 7-6. Most outdoor units are supplied with vibration-dampening mounting studs, which incorporate a layer of stiff rubber between the base of the unit and its mounting frame. If the unit will be mounted in a high wind area, it is preferable to orient it so that prevailing winds don’t directly impinge on the front face where airflow from the fans is released. It’s also advisable to secure the mounting frame to the building foundation so that the unit is not excessively buffeted by high wind gusts. PIPING CONNECTIONS All monobloc style air-to-water heat pumps require two piping connections to the balance of the system. There will be some slight movement in the outdoor unit due to temperature changes, wind buffeting and even the potential that someone accidentally “bumps” into the unit. Outdoor units that house a compressor also generate some vibration. Given these issues, it’s advisable to provide some flexibility and vibration-absorbing capacity between the outdoor unit and the piping it connects to inside the build. Figure 7-7 54PDF Image | Heat Pump Systems 2020
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