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Figure 7-16 outside air rev. valve outdoor unit outside air variable-speed pressure-regulated circulator purge valves spring check indoor unit air vent zone valves purge valves split system air-to-water magnetic heat pump dirt 3-pipe buffer tank configuration (in heating mode) separator electric resistance elements condenser heating mode refrigerant line set inside compressor TXV evaporator outside New or existing boilers fueled by natural gas or propane and designed to operate with sustained flue gas condensation can be piped the same as an electric boiler. Conventional boilers with heat exchangers made of cast iron, carbon steel or finned copper tubing are generally not designed to operate with sustained flue gas condensation. If one of these conventional boiler types is used in a low- temperature distribution system, it must be protected by a thermostatic mixing valve. Figure 7-15 shows piping options for combining a mod/con or a conventional boiler into a system where an air-to-water heat pump supplies a 3-pipe buffer tank. Another possibility is to use a buffer tank that has built-in electric heating elements, as shown in Figure 7-16. This approach eliminates the need to pipe an external boiler and its associated circulator. It also reduces the space needed in the mechanical room. The downside to this approach is that servicing a failed electric heating element requires the tank to be taken offline and at least partially drained. There can be no heat flowing to the system when this type of service is required. Yet another option is to use a heat pump with an inline electric heater incorporated into the indoor unit, as shown in Figure 7-17. CONTROLLING AUXILIARY HEAT The auxiliary heat source can be automatically controlled in several ways. They include: • Use of 2-stage room thermostat • Use of 2-stage setpoint controller based on buffer tank temperature • Use of 2-stage outdoor reset controller while monitoring buffer tank temperature • Directly from the heat pump’s internal controller 60PDF Image | Heat Pump Systems 2020
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