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Hybrid Systems Hybrid systems using several different geothermal resources, or a combination of a geothermal resource with outdoor air (i.e., a cooling tower), are another technology option. Hybrid approaches are particularly effective where cooling needs are significantly larger than heating needs. Where local geology permits, the "standing column well" is another option. In this variation of an open-loop system, one or more deep vertical wells are drilled. Water is drawn from the bottom of a standing column and returned to the top. During periods of peak heating and cooling, the system can bleed a portion of the return water rather than reinjecting it all, causing water inflow to the column from the surrounding aquifer. The bleed cycle cools the column during heat rejection, heats it during heat extraction, and reduces the required bore depth. For a video from the US Department of Energy explaining Ground Source Heat Pumps: http://energy.gov/articles/technology-breakthrough-geothermal Heat Pump District heating and cooling systems (DHC) examples from around the world In many countries, heat pumps are successfully applied in district heating systems or in combined district heating and cooling systems. Typical heat sources and heat sinks for the systems are sea water, ground water, rock or sewage. The largest district heating heat pump in the world utilizing untreated sewage as a heat source is a 28 MW R134a two stage system installed in 2006 in the district heating grid of Viken Fjernvarme AS in Oslo, Norway. Compared to direct electric heating systems based on the mean European (UCPTE) electricity mix, this heat pump cuts CO2 emissions by 50 000 tonnes annually. Sewage water heat pump system in Norway. 2006 16PDF Image | Heat Pump Technology
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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