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District Heating Energy from the Sea Bodo, Norway Air Base, above the Arctic Circle, operates on a centralized heating Seawater hybrid heat pump system. Bodø, Norway Air Base, above the Arctic Circle has had a sea water based heat pump central heating system since 1992. The district heating plant consists of two heat pumps of 2 MW (1,896 Btu/sec), one electric boiler and two oil-fired boilers at 3.8 MW (3,600 Btu/sec). The central heating plant is located close to the beach, approximately 200 m (656 ft) away. Seawater is drawn from a depth of 170 m (558 ft); where the temperature is constantly 7°C (44.6°F) throughout the year. The seawater drains into a 7-m deep basin (19.7-ft); where, two submerged pumps are located. Their total capacity is 180 m3/hr (47,600 gal/hr). The System uses NH3 Ammonia where it is heated with seawater and boils in the evaporator at 4 bar (58 psi) and minus 0.7°C (33.3°F). The low-pressure compressor compresses the vapor to 14 bar (203 psi), 100°C (212°F). The hot vapor enters the inter-stage receiver. The high-pressure compressor compresses the vapor from 14 bar, 38.7°C (102°F) to 30.7 bar (445 psi), 108°C (226°F). The hot vapor enters the condenser; where, it is cooled to 74°C (165° F), and the condensation heat is transferred to the district heating system. The water in the district heating system enters the first aggregate (the “master”), which is always running, at 60°oC (140°F) and leaves at 64°C (147°F). It enters the second aggregate (the “slave”), which runs only if necessary, at 64°C and leaves at 68°C (154°F). The heat factor is 3.4 at the master and 3.2 at the slave. The Norwegian Government estimated that it took 6 years in energy savings to pay for the system that was installed in 1992. Another Norwegian District Heat Pump system began operation in Drammen Norway in 2011 as the Drammen District Heating System. To date, this is the world’s largest district heat pump with a rating of 14.3 MW supplying the town of Drammen (population of 60,000) with district heat. The system, like other Norwegian heat pump systems, transfers heat with environmentally 17PDF Image | Heat Pump Technology
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