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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling In colder climates, an antifreeze solution is circulated between the outside unit and indoor load. This reduces the risk of freezing during a power outage or if the heat pump becomes inoperable during cold weather. The antifreeze solution can be directly circulated through the indoor distribution system or separated from a water- based hydronic distribution system using a heat exchanger, as shown in the Figure below. Unlike Air-to-Air heat pumps, most Air-to-Water heat pumps are also used for dedicated heating applications. Theoretically, they are capable of producing chilled water for building cooling or other processes requiring chilled water, but they are not an economical choice. Do all heat pumps require a reversing valve? No, not all the heat pumps require 4-port reversing valve. The heat pump systems that are intended to provide only heating are not equipped with reversing valves. For example, the heat pump for swimming pool heater does not use a reversing valve. The sole purpose of the heat pump pool heater is to heat the water in the swimming pool. This heat pump is never used to cool the pool water, so there is no need for the system to operate in both the heating and cooling mode. Important Only the heat pumps that are intended to provide both heating and cooling are equipped with reversing valves. Word of caution Most small domestic heat pumps are able to supply water at relatively low temperatures of around 130°F (~55°C) maximum. For safety against Legionella disease caused by bug or bacteria in stagnant water, the domestic hot water temperature be over 60°C intermittently. At this temperature the bacteria dies within two minutes and at an even faster rate at higher temperatures. Most installers will arrange for the DHW to be heated once a day to above 60°C, usually by an immersion heater on a timer. 2.5. Efficiency of a Heat Pump Efficiency of a heat pump is measured using a term “Coefficient of Performance” aka (COP), and it is the ratio of the useful heat that is pumped to a higher temperature to a unit amount of work that is put in. We will look at COP in terms of air-source heat pumps. 22PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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