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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling Next, convert the Celsius temperatures to Kelvin temperatures by adding 273. T hot = 21°C + 273 = 294K T cold = -9.4°C+273=263.6K Finally, use the formula to solve for the COP. COP= 294K / (294K−264K) = 294 / 30.4 =9.7 The example shows the COP decreases on the cold days because it is much more difficult to extract heat from cooler air. If the temperature in your area regularly drops below freezing, a heat pump is not a good idea. For all the places where climates are relatively mild year round, heat pumps may be applied well. Think of the heating requirements in cities like Orlando, San Francisco, and Houston. Very rarely do temperatures drop below 50oF, so capacity and efficiency of heat pump systems will remain high. 2.5.1. Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) The other term for heat pump efficiency in heating cycle is Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF). It is the ratio of heat provided in Btu per hour to watts of energy used. This factor considers the losses when the equipment starts up and stops, as well as the energy lost during the defrost cycle. New heat pumps manufactured after 2005 are required to have an HSPF of at least 7.7. Typical values for the HSPF are 7.7 for minimum efficiency, 8.0 for medium efficiency, and 8.2 for high efficiency. Variable speed heat pumps have HSPF ratings as high as 9.0, and geothermal heat pumps have HSPFs over 10.0. The HSPF averages the performance of heating equipment for a typical winter in the United States, so the actual efficiency will vary in different climates. In colder climates, the HSPF declines and in warmer climates, it increases. 2.6. Sizing Considerations While a heat pump can be sized to provide most of the heat required by an indoor space, this is not generally a good idea. In cold places, heating loads are larger than cooling loads. If the heat pump is sized to match the heating load, it will be too large for the cooling requirement, and will operate only intermittently in the cooling mode. 25PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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