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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling 4.3. Open Loop Ground Well Systems Open loop system can be configured as single well, standing column well or double well system. Energy extraction rates are influenced by aquifer properties including flow rates and permeability and are typically around 1.5 to 3 gpm/ton (0.03 to 0.06 liter per second for each kW required). 4.3.1. Single Well System Single-well systems rely on a single drilled well. The water is drawn from this lone well using a well pump and is circulated through a heat pump. The water after exchanging heat returns at a different temperature into the environment, soak pit or drain. An example of an open-loop single well is displayed in the figure below. This system provides an economical solution if there is a preexisting well. In residential situations, a domestic water supply well could possibly be too small to meet the water needs of the groundwater heat pump. Residential wells typically produce 300 to 400 gallons of water per day, where a groundwater heat pump for the same residence may require thousands of gallons of water per day. A slightly modified single-well system which may alleviate some of these concerns is a standing-column well. 4.3.2. Standing Column Wells A standing-column well uses the same concepts as a single-well system, except that in a standing-column well most to all of the discharged water is dispensed into the original well source. This minimizes the amount of water discharge from the system 52PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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