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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling drop in heat transfer efficiency and may even completely plug the heat exchanger. − Where there is a possibility of contaminants in ground water, an auxiliary intermediate plate-and-frame heat exchanger is recommended along the heat pump allowing for easier cleaning and maintenance. The heat exchanger tubes should also be specified as Cupro-nickel. Open loop systems should be flushed out periodically to remove any mineral build up in the heat exchangers. • Well Capacity and Quantity of Water − The second consideration is the Quantity of water available. The required water flow through a water-source heat pump is about 1.5 to 3 gallons per minute (GPM), per ton of refrigeration [0.03 to 0.06 lps/kW]. Assuming an average of 2 GPM/ton; the water requirement will be 6 GPM for a 3-ton heat pump capacity. The annual amount of water used by a 3-ton geothermal heat pump will be about one million gallons a year. In a commercial application with numerous heat pumps, this adds up to a significant volume of water and may cause this type of system to be subject to local water-resource restrictions. − If you are going to install the system on an existing well that already supplies water for domestic use, then the well will have to have sufficient capacity to meet the needs of both the geothermal heat pump and the domestic water usage. • Well Water Pumping Costs − The cost of the operating well pump is influenced by the suction lift or the depth of water table. The deeper the water table, the more will be the pumping power. − The second factor influencing pump power is the type of motor. Most electric motors that are used on submersible water well pumps are permanent split capacitor (PSC). Until a few years ago, that was the highest efficiency motor available for residential use, but now there are constant pressure/ECM well pumps available. The ECM (electronically commutated motor) has a very high 55PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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