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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling heat pump. In such cases, however, building loop water temperatures must be kept below 55°F (~12°C) to dehumidify the air effectively. Data from lakes in most locations in US suggest that significant thermal stratification occurs in lakes deeper than 30 feet, with bottom water temperatures between 45 and 55 °F throughout the year, even when summer surface water temperatures reach 80 to 90 °F. 4.5.1. Design considerations Surface water temperatures will fluctuate more with seasonal changes than ground temperatures. If the system is intended to be used for heating, an assessment of annual temperate fluctuations in the water source being considered is particularly important. If temperatures in the intake water are at risk of dropping below 46°F (~8°C), there is a risk of freezing. The system must have a screen or filter on the intake to exclude entry of silt, debris and fauna. If used in a river the intake will also need to be designed to withstand the effects of erosion, deposition and flood events. Finally, there must be an acceptable way to discharge the large quantity of water after it returns from the heat pumps. The discharge will affect the marine life, if high temperature water is discharged to a water body. The average Delta T for the water entering and leaving an open-loop system typically ranges from 7°F to 10°F. Local codes and regulations may limit some of the discharge practices. 4.5.2. Installation Surface water systems generally require consents from Authority having Jurisdiction with the take and use of surface water, works on the shoreline, works on the bed of a river or lake, and for discharging thermally altered water. Anchor blocks should be installed on the intake and discharge pipeline to ensure they remain in position despite changes in river flows or lake levels. Depending on the length of the pipe, several anchor blocks may be required to ‘pin’ the pipeline to the river or lake bed. The shoreline components should be located where flood events will not damage them, and where they will not interfere with normal shoreline use. The effects of erosion caused by changes in water flow patterns around shoreline components should also be considered. 58PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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