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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling CHAPTER - 5 5. MAJOR COMPONENTS The major components of a vapor-compression heat pump are the compressor, heat exchangers (an evaporator and a condenser), an expansion device, fans and reversible valve. The refrigerant can also be considered a major component. Minor components are the parts that are needed but do not have an active role in the cycle process. These components are the pipes, filter, accumulator, oil separator etc. 5.1. Compressors The compressor is the heart of a heat pump that maintains the refrigeration cycle i.e. allows refrigerant to flow through the system. It is a vapor pump, so there must be vapor at its inlet as well as vapor at its outlet. The vapor refrigerant that enters the compressor is at a low temperature and a low pressure. At the outlet of the compressor, the vapor refrigerant is at a high temperature and a high pressure. The pressure difference that is created allows the refrigerant to flow from the outlet, or discharge of the compressor through the heat transfer coils and then back to the inlet of the compressor where the pressure is once again lifted to the desired level. It can be said that the compressor acts as a dividing point between the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the heat pump system. Since the compressors are designed to handle vapor only, an accumulator is needed to separate the liquid refrigerant from the vapor refrigerant, before this mixture enters the compressor. Compressors can be divided into three main groups based on their type of casing. 5.1.1. Hermetic Sealed compressors A hermetic compressor’s casing is welded shut. The compressor and its motor are inside the casing in an environment that is impermeable to gas. The hermetic casing dampens the compressor noises and thus the operational noises of a heat pump. The refrigerant vapor is sucked into the casing, compressed and then let out through an opening at the other end. The welded casing is effective in keeping the refrigerant inside, but it also stores excess heat produced by the motor and prevents easy access to the compressor during maintenance. Hermetic casings are usually combined with electric motors meaning the motor comes in direct contact with the refrigerant and must be able to withhold against the refrigerant’s corrosive effect. 65PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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