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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling continuous compression. It has a higher tolerance towards liquid slugging and has few moving parts. A screw compressor does not need suction nor discharge valves. The disadvantages include the need for precise manufacturing of helical screws. 5.2.3. Scroll compressor Scroll compressors are also positive displacement compressors. A scroll compressor has two spirals wound together. One of the spirals remains fixed while the other rotates compressing the refrigerant. Just like a screw compressor a scroll compressor achieves a continuous flow of refrigerant into the compressor. It also has a high efficiency and is reliable. The omission of suction and discharge valves enhances its reliability. The operation of a scroll compressor is generally quieter than that of a reciprocating compressor, however it has a comparatively high cost. Both the scroll compressor and the screw compressor are extensively used in heat pump technologies. 5.2.4. Centrifugal compressor A centrifugal compressor is a dynamic compressor. It compresses the refrigerant with centrifugal motion. The suction gas is accelerated by a rotating impeller. The accelerated gas is let into the diffuser that has a set of passages with increasing cross-sectional areas. In the diffuser, the velocity of the gas is changed into pressure as the gas decelerates. Centrifugal compressors need a steady and relatively large flow of refrigerant vapor and they have their highest efficiencies with small pressure ratios. Centrifugal compressors are normally not used for heat pumps and are generally applied to very high tonnage refrigeration system in water cooled configuration only. 5.3. Heat Exchangers Heat exchangers are used in the heat pump cycle to transfer heat between the refrigerant and the heat sink/heat source, without allowing the two mediums to mix. In the heat pump cycle, one heat exchanger is a condenser and the other as an evaporator. 5.3.1. Condenser The condenser is the heat exchange surface that is responsible for rejecting heat from the heat pump system so it must be warmer than the surrounding medium. Because of this, the condenser should be at a high temperature and is accomplished by maintaining the pressure of the refrigerant in the condenser at a high level. 67PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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