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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling The condensing medium can be water, air or the hybrid (combination of air and water). • Water cooled condenser - In a water-cooled condenser, water is pumped to a cooling tower where the heat is finally rejected to the atmosphere. Water cooled system for heat dissipation is usually applied to large refrigeration system with capacity exceeding 100 tons and where good quality water is available. • Air cooled condenser - Heat is rejected via a finned type coil heat exchanger using fans. The fans draw air through the fins the heat is transferred to the atmosphere. • Hybrid condenser - A hybrid condenser is essentially an air-cooled condenser with a controlled amount of water sprayed onto its cooling pads to provide a measure of pre-cooling. This method enhances the performance of an air- cooled heat exchanger especially when the outdoor is very hot. 5.3.2. Evaporator The evaporator is the heat exchange surface that absorbs heat into the heat pump system so it must be cooler than the medium being cooled. In the evaporator, the refrigerant is evaporating at a relatively low pressure, and as it does, it is absorbing latent heat from the air or water flowing over the evaporator piping. For cooling applications, when the medium being cooled is the air in the space, a near design evaporator temperature is about 40°F. So, for R-22, the pressure in the evaporator needs to be about 69 psig in order to maintain this temperature. This assumes near design conditions, which are a 75°F indoor air temperature with a relative humidity of 50%, and an outside ambient temperature of 95°F. For heating applications, the temperature of the evaporator will vary depending on the temperature of the outside air. If the temperature of the outside air is 40°F, then the refrigerant in the evaporator will be at a temperature of about 15°F. Heat removal from the space is accomplished in two ways: • DX Systems - A direct expansion air conditioning (DX) system directly cools the air supplied to the building because the evaporator (containing refrigerant) is in direct contact with the supply air; and • Hydronic Air Conditioning - Hydronic Air Conditioning is the process of producing chilled water via shell & tube or plate & fin heat exchanger and circulating the chilled water throughout a building through air cooled chilled 68PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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