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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling Annexure -1 Advantages and Disadvantages of various Geothermal Heat Pumps Geothermal Loop Type Advantages Disadvantages Open-Loop Simpler design; lower drilling costs than for vertical closed- loop systems; more efficient performance by avoiding thermal degradation associated with heat transfer across pipe wall from ground or water body to antifreeze solution in closed-loop; lower installation cost if a supply well already exists for domestic water or grounds irrigation, with sufficient surplus production capacity to supply heat pump system. Subject to local, state, and Federal groundwater and surface water withdrawal and discharge permitting; large water flow requirements may exceed local water availability; supply-side of heat exchangers subject to corrosive and abrasive agents, chemical scaling, and microbial fouling; main circulating pumps typically require more power in open loops than in closed loops; water discharge regulations may preclude single-well systems or constrain the design of standing- column systems; higher installation cost if a separate injection well is required for loop water discharge. Horizontal Closed- Loop Trenching costs for horizontal loops usually are much lower than well-drilling costs for vertical closed-loops, and there are more contractors with the appropriate equipment; flexible installation options depending on type of digging equipment (bulldozer, backhoe, or Largest land area requirement; performance more affected by season, rainfall, and burial depth; drought potential (low groundwater levels) must be considered in estimating required pipe length, especially in sandy soils and elevated areas; ground- loop piping can be damaged 87PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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