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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling trencher) and number of pipe loops per trench. during trench backfill; longer pipe lengths per ton than for vertical closed loops; antifreeze solution more likely to be needed to handle winter soil temperatures. Slinky Closed- Loop Slinky loops require less land area and less trenching than other horizontal-loop systems, and installation costs may be significantly less. Greater pumping energy needed than for straight horizontal-loops; backfilling the trench while ensuring that there are no voids around the pipe coils is difficult with certain types of soil, and even more so with upright coils in narrow trenches than with coils laid flat in wide trenches. Direct- Exchange Loop Higher thermal efficiency; no liquid/liquid heat exchangers required; less land area Soil in contact with ground loop subject to freezing; copper tubing should not be buried near large Vertical Closed- Loop Requires less total pipe length than most other closed-loop systems; requires the least amount of land area; seasonal soil temperature swings are not a concern. Cost of drilling is usually higher than cost of horizontal trenching, and vertical-loop designs tend to be the costliest GHP systems; potential for long-term soil temperature changes if boreholes not spaced far enough apart. Submerged Closed- Loop Can require the least total pipe length and can be the least expensive of all closed-loop systems if a suitable water body is available. Submerged loops are likely to require more regulatory permitting than buried closed- loop systems; unless properly marked, can be damaged by boat anchoring. 88PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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