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7 Heat Pumps: Integrating technologies to decarbonise heating and cooling Introduction Decarbonising society without decarbonising heating and cooling is not possible. DECARBONISING EUROPE BY 2050 Heating is fundamental to human life. At the most elemental level, the sun gives life to plants via the process of photosynthesis and warms the (DUWKWREHKDELWDEOHIRUDQLPDODQGKXPDQOLIH+HDWIURPåUH revolutionised cooking and all things related to making forms more malleable. Beyond alchemy and the melting of metals into new shapes, the channelling of heat provided the means to make new structures, habitats, roads and cities. Steam produced from coal drove the industrial revolution and then the discovery of oil and gas exploded the transport sectors to power trade around the world. But it is not only heating - today global value chains would be impossible without cooling. For centuries, heating was provided by burning fossil energy sources – wood, coal, oil and gas. However, the negative environmental effects are no longer acceptable to society. The 2015 UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (CoP) in Paris agreed to “limit global warming to well below 2°C.” The Paris Agreement implies a full decarbonisation of our economic activity on Earth and the way we power that activity, most notably its energy system, and to a large extend also its material economy. st The decarbonisation scenarios calculated by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) show clearly that if global warming is to be limited to 1,5°C with a probability of 50%, world-wide CO 2 emissions need to be reduced to zero by the middle of the 2c1entury. All pathways to achieve this target include negative emissions – the åOWHULQJRI&22 from the atmosphere – while the technologies to do this are in their infancy at best. While not very visible, Heating and cooling has a special role to play in the transition towards a sustainable energy system. Globally, this sector LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUFORVHWRRIåQDOHQHUJ\GHPDQGIn Europe, 52% RIåQDOHQHUJ\GHPDQGFRPHVIURPKHDWLQJDQGFRROLQJDUHXVHG IRUHOHFWULFLW\JHQHUDWLRQDQGLQWUDQVSRUW The decarbonisation of society without decarbonising heating and cooling is thus impossible. Fortunately, in the heating and cooling sector, technologies are available today to achieve 100% decarbonisation. Heat pumps can play a major role as stand-alone solutions or in combination with biomass, solar thermal energy, direct geothermal and - to a smaller extent - green gas and oil. The challenge in this sector is less a technology one, but mostly one of political will that requires a much more ambitious political effort to modify the legislative framework governing heating and cooling to make it compatible with full decarbonisation by 2050.PDF Image | Heat Pumps: Integrating technologies
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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