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The reason for including both HFC consumption values and a percentage of the HCFC consumption value (all expressed in CO2-eq. units) in the calculation of the baseline is due to the fact that HFCs are considered to be utilised as alternatives for a certain portion of HCFCs still to be phased out. The HCFC component in the baseline calculation is assumed to take this HCFC portion into account. During the preparatory amendment discussions that took place during the last years, one of the issues that Parties had to deal with was the one presented by the countries experiencing high ambient temperatures (HAT) conditions. In these regions, due to their high ambient temperatures, the refrigerant condensing temperature in RACHP equipment is relatively high during a certain part of the year. For RACHP systems, the closer the ambient temperature (i.e., the condensing temperature) is to the refrigerant critical temperature, the less efficient will be the thermodynamic cycle resulting in lower capacity, thus increasing energy consumption, or lowering its COP values. Operation of a RACHP system at high ambient temperatures intrinsically results in a lower coefficient of performance (COP) (provided evaporation temperatures have to be maintained at a certain level, leading to higher temperature differences). This is the case for all refrigerants but the COP reduction is different among the various refrigerants (Motta and Domanski, 2000). Over the last years, countries experiencing HAT conditions expressed their concerns and worries of meeting an HFC freeze (date and level of consumption) as well as reduction targets. This is where lower-GWP alternatives to HCFC-22 in small/medium size air-conditioning applications have not yet been introduced and verified by local markets. Nevertheless, some of these countries have already started to apply new minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) requirements. In the discussion of the HFC Amendment proposals, the above issues were addressed. The solution agreed on was found in a different phase-down schedule for the countries India and those experiencing high ambient temperatures, specifically Iran, Pakistan and the Gulf States, and others. This exemption allows for a delay in the HFC freeze date and following phase-down obligations by a period of four years. It applies to the following equipment types: • Multi-split air conditioners (residential and commercial); • Split ducted air conditioners (residential and commercial); • Ducted commercial packaged (self- contained) air conditioners. It is important to mention that considerations for the operation of equipment at HAT conditions must not only be based on the selection of the refrigerant but also have to consider overall system design, aimed to obtain an optimum and reliable performance, and that also under HAT conditions. Table 1-3: The Article 5 country phase-out schedule for HCFC production and consumption Schedule Y ear Base line Average of 2009 and 2010 Freeze 2013 90% (reduction of 10%) 2015 65% (reduction of 35%) 2020 32.5% (reduction of 67.5%) 2025 Annual average of 2.5% 2030 to 2040 0% (reduction of 100 %) 2040 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 25PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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