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R-454C R-32/1234yf (21.5/78.5) R-455A R-744/32/1234yf (3.0/21.5/75.5) R-456A R-32/134a/1234ze(E) (6.0/45.0/49.0) R-457A R-32/1234yf/152a (18.0/70.0/12.0) R-458A R-32/125/134a/227ea/236fa (20.5/4.0/61.4/13.5/0.6) R-459A R-32/1234yf/1234ze(E) (68.0/26.0/6.0) R-459B R-32/1234yf/1234ze(E) (21.0/69.0/10.0) R-460A R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E) (12.0/52.0/14.0/22.0) R-460B R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E) (28.0/25.0/20.0/27.0) R-460C R-461A R-462A R-464A R-465A 90.8 –46.0/–37.8 87.5 –51.6/–39.1 101.4 –30.4/–25.6 87.6 –42.7/–35.5 89.9 –39.8/–32.4 63.0 –50.3/–48.6 91.2 –44.0/–36.1 100.6 –44.6/–37.2 84.8 –45.2/–37.1 105.3 –29.2/–26.0 109.6 –42.0/–37.0 97.1 –42.6/–36.6 88.5 –46.5/–36.9 82.9 –51.8/–40.0 A2L 150 540 A2L 150 540 Table 2-6: Data summary for new azeotropic refrigerant blends R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E) (2.5/2.5/ 46.0/49.0) R-125/143a/134a/227ea/600a (55.0/5.0/32.0/5.0/3.0) R-32/125/143a/134a/600 (9.0/42.0/2.0/44.0/3.0) R-32/125/1234ze(E)/227ea (27.0/ 27.0/40.0/6.0) R-32/290/1234yf (21.0/7.9/71.1) A1 A1 A2 A1 A2 730 2 700 2 200 1 300 150 A1 650 A2L 150 A1 1 600 A2L 480 A2L 150 A1 2100 A1 1300 1 900 520 3 900 1 700 530 4 100 3 000 2 000 5 300 4 700 2 700 530 R-513B R-514A R-515A R-516A 2.3.2 R-1234yf/134a (58.5/41.5) R-1336mzz(Z)/1130(E) (74.7/25.3) R-1234ze(E)/227ea (88.0/12.0) R-1234yf/134a/152a (77.5/8.5/14.0) Unsaturated hydro-halochemicals 108.7 139.6 118.7 102.6 –29.2/–29.1 29.0/29.0 –18.9/–18.9 –29.4 A1 B1 A1 A2L 560 380 140 1 600 630 400 Facing regulatory pressures to eliminate refrigerants with high GWP, major refrigerant manufacturers have pursued unsaturated hydro-halochemicals. They are chemicals consisting of two or more carbon atoms with at least one double bond between two or more of them as well as hydrogen and also chlorine, fluorine, or other halogens. Unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons also are chemically identified as chlorofluoro-alkenes or fluoro-alkenes, respectively, and also as chlorofluoro-olefins or fluoro-olefins. Double carbon-carbon bond(s) make(s) the compounds more unstable, and therefore more reactive and for the majority also flammable. The result is short atmospheric lifetimes and, thereby, very low ODP and GWP. The unsaturated HCC (also identified as hydrochloro-alkene or hydrochloro-olefin), HCFC (also identified as hydrochlorofluoro-alkene or hydrochlorofluoro-olefin, HCFO), and HFC (also identified as hydrofluoro-alkene or hydrofluoro-olefin, HFO) families are focal examples. Chemical producers are pursuing alternatives for the most widely used refrigerants. In the naming of unsaturated halocarbons the prefix for unsaturated HCFCs and unsaturated HFCs can alternatively be indicated as HCFO and HFO respectively, where the O for olefin – in spite of the 44 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report Refrigerant Designation Refrigerant Designation Refrigerant Composition (Mass % ) Refrigerant Composition (Mass %) Molecular Weight (kg/kmol) Molecular Weight (kg/kmol) Bubble Point/ Dew Point (°C) Bubble Point/ Dew Point (°C) Safety Class GWP 100 Year GWP 20 Year Safety Class GWP 100 Year GWP 20 YearPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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