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High GWP HFC (current) Lower GWP HFC/HFO R-744 R-717 HC Stand alone DX DX DX --- DX Condensing Unit DX DX DX With HTF DX / with HTF Centralised DX DX/with HTF DX With HTF With HTF The table above summarises the different equipment types and indicates how the current high- GWP and the replacement lower GWP refrigerants are used – in the direct (DX) or indirect (with a HTF) formats. Flammability and toxicity are often the reasons why a refrigerant is used in an indirect system instead of a direct. 4.3.1 Stand-alone equipment Several stand-alone equipment types are described in this section, in order to analyse the trends for refrigerant choices depending on the cooling capacity, the refrigerant charge, and the refrigerant circuit design. Typically, many of the stand-alone equipment types are owned and installed by global food and beverage companies. The companies develop their own environmental policy and choosing low-GWP refrigerants as well as energy-efficient systems are part of the green positioning of those companies. Bottle coolers Glass-door bottle coolers can be found in nearly every supermarket, gas station, and kiosk. The most common type is the one-door 400-liter type, but also bigger (2 or 3 glass doors) and smaller types are on the market. Hydrocarbon (HC-290) bottle coolers as well as R-744 bottle coolers show good energy performances and with R&D developments in compression technology and insulation, even better compared to the HFC-134a base line. Often when such comparisons are made, one needs to note that the older HFC-134a bottle coolers may not have the same improvements in compression, insulation, heat exchangers and controls the newer hydrocarbon systems do. Hydrocarbon bottle coolers showed 28% reduced energy consumption compared to older HFC-134a bottle coolers, and for R-744 12% energy consumption reduction (Pedersen, 2008). The choice of HC-290 has been made by several European and US companies manufacturing those bottle coolers, including some that had originally chosen R-744 (Hydrocarbons21, 2016). Within the AHRI/AREP test program, laboratory tests have been performed in order to evaluate the two low-GWP HFOs: HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze(E), and HFC-134a based blends designed to replace HFC-134a at nearly the same performance. Tests indicate that those low- GWP refrigerants are in the same range of performance but that refrigeration system optimization may be necessary to take advantage of the characteristics of the new refrigerants. Ice-cream cabinets R-404A and HFC-134a are the refrigerants used in ice-cream cabinets and are progressively being replaced with HC-290 by large food companies. The number of HC-290 ice-cream cabinets is expected to grow significantly in the next several years. Vending machines Vending machines require a significant cooling capacity to rapidly cool the beverage or food container. A Japanese company has developed a high-efficiency R-744 cassette that is compact and has passed the tests of energy efficiency defined by soft drink companies. HC-290 vending machines have also been developed to perform satisfactorily from an energy point of view. As for 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 79PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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