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of refrigerant choice for new systems used in high ambient temperatures is also addressed. The ODP and GWP values of the refrigerants mentioned in this chapter are given in Chapter 2 of this report. The main developments compared to the last assessment report are related to the greatly increased substitution of HCFC-22 and the greater consideration of use of medium and low GWP alternatives. Regarding the use of HCFC-22, in 2010 many non-Article 5 countries were approaching the final phase-out of HCFC-22 in new systems; this has now been completed and most major Article 5 countries have initiated their transition from HCFC-22. Previously, medium and low GWP alternatives were not being given major consideration (except hydrocarbons (HCs) such as HC-290) whereas now more manufacturers are proposing and adopting HCs and there is also considerable uptake of HFC-32 in several countries. Particularly in larger (commercial) systems manufacturers are also considering the variety of new HFC/unsaturated HFC blends. There are also new additions to information relating to refrigerant performance under normal and high ambient conditions. Otherwise, implications on the use of alternative refrigerants and design of systems suitable for high ambient temperatures are applicable to air conditioning as well as other applications; refer to Annex 1 for further details. 7.2 Equipment types Air conditioners generally fall into four distinct categories, based primarily on capacity or application: small self-contained air conditioners (window-mounted, portables, packaged terminal air conditioners (PTAC) and through-the-wall air conditioners); non-ducted split residential and commercial air conditioners; ducted, split residential air conditioners; and ducted commercial split, multi-split (including variable refrigerant flow, VRF) and packaged air conditioners (commercial air cooled). In each of these categories, the term “air conditioner” includes systems that directly cool or heat the conditioned air. Table 7-1 summarises the typical physical and installation characteristics of each type of air conditioner. Table 7-1: Typical configurations of air conditioner type Type Small self- contained Window Portable Through-the- wall Packaged terminal Primary configuration Small self-contained Small self-contained Small self-contained Small self-contained Non-ducted split Non-ducted and ducted split Ducted split Ducted commercial Ducted commercial System layout Self-contained Self-contained Self-contained Self-contained Remote Remote Remote Self-contained Remote Capacity range (kW) 1 – 10 1 – 10 1 – 10 1 – 10 2 – 15 4 – 300 4 – 17.5 7 – 1,100 10 – 1,100 HCFC-22 charge range (kg) 0.3–3 0.3–3 0.3–3 0.3–3 0.5–5 2 – 240 1 – 7 5 – 250 5 – 300 Split (non-ducted) Multi-split Split (ducted) Packaged rooftop Ducted commercial split 7.2.1 Small self-contained air conditioners Small Self-Contained (SSC) air conditioners are small capacity units in which all of the refrigeration system components are contained within a single package; see Figure 7-1, Figure 7-2, 134 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment ReportPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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