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Table 8-3: Emerging refrigerants used in water and space heating heat pumps Product Refrigerants Presently Used Emerging Refrigerants used Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) Space heating heat pumps Combined water and space heating heat pumps HCFC-221 Water or ground source heat pump R-407C R-744 HFC-32 Air source heat pump HCFC-221 HFC-134a R-407C R-410A R-417A R-290 R-744 HFC-32 Water or ground source heat pump HCFC-221 R-407C R-410A R-290 R-744 HFC-32 Air source heat pump HCFC-221 R-407C R-410A R-417A R-290 HFC-32 Water or ground source heat pump HCFC-221 R-407C R-410A R-290 HFC-32 Air source heat pump HCFC-221 R-407C R-410A R-744 HFC-32 1Still in use in Article 5 parties 8.4 Options for existing systems R-410A There are no changes compared to the options described in the 2014 RTOC Assessment Report and the preferred method for continuing equipment operation remains a total equipment replacement. Larger equipment manufacturers may provide retrofit solutions for installations where the replacement of the total unit is difficult. 8.5 Concluding remarks Based on the issues dealt with in this chapter (taking also into account the statements made in the 2014 RTOC assessment report), it can be concluded that most water and space heat pumps commercialised today, make use of non-ODS refrigerants. The refrigerants used at present are R- 410A, HFC-134a, R-407C, HC-290, HC-600a and R-744. The majority of new equipment still uses R-410A, however, for new equipment there is a growing tendency to use lower GWP refrigerants (see for this the emerging refrigerants, listed in table 8-3). From all the options reported in the 2014 RTOC Assessment Report, only a limited number of refrigerants are now commercially in use, with the potential to grow further in use. In some Article 5 countries, HCFC-22 is being used since it has favourable thermodynamic properties and high efficiency. There are no technical barriers in case HCFC-22 needs to be 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 163PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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