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and refrigerant selection process is sufficiently well along that one or more manufacturers are proceeding with product development and initial market launch. In other words, chiller products are being offered for sale, not just the refrigerant itself. Product offerings typically change rapidly as manufacturers launch new products, and position and price them to gain market acceptance. Government regulation or financial incentive can also accelerate adoption of new refrigerants. In the absence of these types of incentives, product lines are typically changed over to the new refrigerant over time, while existing products remain available in the market. It does not mean that complete product lines are available to the customer at first product launch. This is not unusual since it typically takes several years to introduce a complete new product line. However, it may also reflect the uncertainty in a final selection of the refrigerants, the longer term concerns over the supply of new refrigerants and their cost, the application cost pursuant to safety considerations, and customer acceptance in view of the complete array of competitive offerings as well as the pricing and positioning of them. Table 9-2: Emerging refrigerants used in chillers Product Dominant Refrigerants Presently Used Emerging Refrigerants Used Large chillers with centrifugal or axial-turbo compressors using low pressure refrigerants HCFC-123 1 HFC-245fa (less common) R-718 (much less common) HCFO-1233zd(E), R-514A, R-718 Large chillers with centrifugal compressors using medium pressure refrigerants HFC-134a R-513A, HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), HCFO-1224yd(Z) Mid-size chillers with positive displacement (screw) compressors HFC-134a, HC-2903 R-7172 R-513A, R-450A, HFO-1234yf 2 , HFO-1234ze(E) 2 HC-290 3, R-717 4 Small chillers with positive displacement (scroll, rotary or reciprocating ) compressors R-407C, R-410A HFC-32 2 R-452B 2 R-454B 2 R-454B, R-290 3 R-744 1 Phase-out in new equipment in 2020 for Article 2 countries, 2030 for Article 5 countries 2 Classified as safety group A2L (lower flammable) means there are special considerations contained in product or safety code and standards for safe application. 3 Classified as safety group A3 refrigerant (highly flammable) currently available in air cooled chillers installed outdoors 4 Classified as safety group B2L refrigerant (lower flammable and toxic), means there are special considerations contained in product or safety code and standards for safe application If a refrigerant is shown in both columns (e.g. R-717) this means that with continued market acceptance, expanded product offerings are becoming available. It is impossible to predict the market mix that may emerge, especially in view of future government regulations or incentives. But it will certainly change over time. 174 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment ReportPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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