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11.4 Assessment tools 11.4.1 Refrigerant selection criteria Refrigerant selection criteria and properties provide a basis for the selection of a refrigerant in an application in support of the intermediate factors. Properties and selection criteria of significance are shown in Table 11-1. Table 11-1: Refrigerant selection criteria Factors / Properties and Impact Selection criteria Refrigeration systems contribute to global warming by energy consumption and emissions of refrigerants Expected or needed development Climate impact Higher acceptance for products and technologies with lower TEWI and LCCP ODP substances are being phased out by the Montreal protocol Stronger national regulations to implement the Kigali Amendment might lead to the phase-out of high GWP fluids ODP and GWP Increased application of the precautionary principle to long-term effects Stricter regulations of refrigerants emission entry into the ecosystem Further research into the environmental impact of the degradation products of TFA and long term accumulation effects from existing and alternative HFC/HFO refrigerants is needed. Short and long-term effects on air, water, soil (VOC, degradation products e.g. TFA) Atmospheric dispersion effects, degradation mechanisms, degradation products and their toxicity Possible stricter control of degradation products, more detailed investigations Other environ- mental impact Energy 14 efficiency Emissions related to operation Governmental labelling requirements Rules for minimum performance requirements Compliance to energy efficiency regulations will drive performance improvements in the product design Thermal energy storage15 14 see section 11.6 15 see section 11.7.5 Production, destruction, recycling Possibility of thermal energy storage Adequate recycling and destruction Use is expected to grow 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 209PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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