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In non-HAT countries systems are normally rated for 35°C (T1 in ISO 5151:2014) with appropriate performance (under standards requirements) and up to 43°C for some countries. The high ambient temperature (HAT) condition requires a design at 46°C (T3 in ISO 5151:2014) with appropriate operation up to 52°C ambient temperature or more. At HAT conditions, the heat load of a conditioned space can be up to six times more than that for moderate climates with larger capacity refrigeration systems needed, also implying larger refrigerant charges. Specifically, heat loads are normally comprised of a constant contribution (such as from electrical appliances, occupants, etc. that do not vary with external ambient temperatures) and a variable contribution (such as heat conduction through walls, etc. and infiltration of ambient air) which are more or less proportional to the internal-external temperature difference. For example, in cool climatic regions specific heat loads may be in the order of 50 W/m2 whereas in HAT climates specific heat loads may be up to 250 or 300 W/m2. Measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of operation in high ambient regions. In order to keep the condensing temperature as well as discharge temperature in the allowable operation range of the compressor used, larger condensers as well as capacity control and injection are applied that will also result in a larger refrigerant charge per kW cooling capacity. 13.3.1 Exemptions: defining the equipment The TEAP XXVII/4 Task Force in its 2016 report, investigated criteria for defining high ambient temperature (HAT) countries. These definitions were evaluated and Parties decided on criteria as given above. The report also described results from the testing of alternatives to HCFC-22 where it concerns refrigeration capacity and efficiency (COP). Parties, in Decision XXVIII/2, decided to allow an exemption for Parties with high ambient temperature (HAT) conditions where suitable (HFC) alternatives do not exist for the specific sub-sector of use specifically: • Multi-split air conditioners (commercial and residential) • Split ducted air conditioners (commercial and residential) • Ducted commercial packaged (self-contained) air-conditioners. The exemption should become effective and available as of the HFC freeze date, with an initial duration of four years. The high ambient temperature (HAT) parties to which the above applies should formally notify the Ozone Secretariat of their intent to use this exemption no later than one year before its HFC freeze date, and then every four years thereafter (if they wish to extend the exemption). It was also mentioned that parties operating under this high-ambient-temperature exemption should separately report their production and consumption data for the sub-sectors (as specified above) to which the exemption applies. It was also decided that amounts of HFCs (Annex F substances) that are subject to the high-ambient-temperature exemption are not eligible for funding under the Multilateral Fund, while there would be the exemption for the high ambient temperature (HAT) parties. Parties also decided that the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) will assess the suitability of HFC alternatives for use where suitable alternatives do not exist; this is based on criteria agreed by the parties that will include (but not limited to) the criteria listed in Decision XXVI/9. TEAP should also recommend sub-sectors to be added to or removed from the three sub-sectors given above. Furthermore, it was requested that the assessment referred to above will take place periodically, starting four years from the relevant HFC freeze date and every four years thereafter. Parties also mentioned that, in a year no later than the year 2026, one should consider for the parties operating under the high ambient temperature exemption whether to extend the “compliance deferral” (exemption) for an additional period of two years and whether further deferrals should be considered thereafter. 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 257PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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