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Heat Pumps Technology Guide SEAI 2.4. Measures of efficiency 2.4.1. Seasonal performance factor The seasonal performance factor (SPF) is the ratio of the units of heat delivered (in kWh) to the units of electricity consumed over the course of a year. The seasonal performance factor is calculated after one full year of operation, using readings from heat and electricity meters, and is a measure of the heat pump system’s performance in the real world. There are various ways of estimating heat pump system performance; but it is important to measure performance in practice by calculating the seasonal performance factor. 2.4.2. Coefficient of performance Another measure of heat pump efficiency is the coefficient of performance (COP). The coefficient of performance is the ratio of heat output to electricity input at a specified set of operating temperatures for the flow and return in the heat source system, and the flow and return in the heating system. A number of standard temperatures and a methodology for assessing the coefficient of performance are defined in Standard EN 14511. This means that different heat pumps can be compared to one another. In reality, these four temperatures (the flow and return in the heat source system, and the flow and return in the heating system) vary constantly throughout the year, so the coefficient of performance of a heat pump system will be constantly changing during its operation. Coefficient of performance is defined as: Rate of heat delivered (kWth) Coefficient of performance = Power input (kWe) • Rate of heat delivered = the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the media being heated multiplied by the flow rate, and • Power input = the total electrical input power to all components of the unit. 2.4.3. Seasonal coefficient of performance Standard EN 14825 describes a methodology for a projection of the average performance of a heat pump over a whole year, taking account of the coefficient of performance at the different conditions set out in EN14511. This theoretical average performance, the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP), is an estimate of the seasonal performance factor. 7PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technology Guide
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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