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Heat Pumps Technology Guide SEAI Figure 8: Closed-loop systems Open loop system Water is pumped out of the body of water, through a heat exchanger and back into the body of water. These are more suited to larger capacity systems where a closed loop system would be too big. Additional information is available from CP3: Open loop groundwater-source heat pumps: Code of Practice for the UK Harnessing energy from water in the ground for heating and cooling by The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). In an open loop system, water is pumped from a sea, river or lake, or from groundwater, passed through a heat exchanger and then returned to the source. A closed loop water-source system usually involves laying loops of pipework or metal heat exchangers in the water. The flow of water around the system is solely due to the natural flow of the water and convection currents from cooled water sinking around the heat exchangers. The heat exchangers must always be in contact with the water and not float to the surface. Often, they are fixed to weights such as concrete blocks. Inspection is required as part of a maintenance regime, and can be expensive, particularly in deep water. A closed loop system for use in the sea must be designed to withstand wave and tidal motion. Figure 9: Open-loop systems The water must be filtered to ensure that the heat exchanger does not become blocked by debris. The water quality must also be analysed. Acidic water (e.g. peaty water) limits the choice of materials that can be used, and this can increase costs. Dissolved minerals also build up on system components, necessitating frequent cleaning. 11PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technology Guide
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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