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Heat Pumps Technology Guide SEAI 5. Integration with other heat sources Key messages • Particular care needs to be given to integrating higher temperature heat sources into a system containing a low-temperature heat pump. The hydraulic design and controls must enable the heat pump to operate within its performance envelope. • There are two main operating modes for systems with another heat source: • Bivalent parallel The heat pump and backup heat source operate at the same time. • Bivalent alternative The heat pump and backup heat source operate alternately. Heat pumps may be used alongside other heat sources for various reasons, such as: • The capacity of a heat pump system is limited due to electricity supply constraints and so another heat source provides the extra heating capacity required; • A heating system or process may periodically require a temperature that the heat pump cannot achieve (e.g. for a Legionella cycle); or • A backup system is needed. Particular care needs to be given to integrating higher temperature heat sources into a system containing a low- temperature heat pump. The hydraulic design and controls of a system must enable the heat pump to operate within its performance envelope and take account of the flow rate, the temperature difference across the system, and include the temperature difference and flow rate required for any other heat generator in the system. The temperature difference required for boilers is often much higher (e.g. over 50 °C) than that needed for a heat pump system. The different operating parameters of the two heat sources are usually accommodated by measures such as: • Using plate heat exchangers as a thermal break so that a boiler can maintain higher flow and return temperatures than the system being heated; • Using low loss headers, which allow different flow rates between source and heat use; or • Using buffer vessels. Simply connecting a heat pump in parallel with a boiler without considering the differences in flow rates and temperatures results in operational problems. The heat pump may not be able to run or restart when the backup heat source is running. This means the heat pump does not provide the anticipated heat load and therefore reduces cost and carbon savings. 26PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technology Guide
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