Heat Pumps Technology Guide

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Heat Pumps Technology Guide ( heat-pumps-technology-guide )

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Heat Pumps Technology Guide SEAI 6. Controls Key messages • Weather compensation can be used in any system. By avoiding the system cycling on and off, it improves energy efficiency and comfort. • Some heat pump compressors have speed control, which enables the heat pump to reduce output. • Reducing the number of starts (by using controls) means less wear on the system’s components and lower buffer capacity requirements. 6.1. Weather compensation The output of heat emitters depends on their mean water temperature. When the water temperature is lower, the heat emitter system produces less heat. Weather compensation means reducing the water temperature in the heat emitter system as the outside temperature increases. Deliberately reducing the temperature in the heating system can be useful when the outside temperature is relatively mild but the building still needs heating. Weather compensation can be used in any system to improve energy efficiency and comfort. It stops the system from cycling on and off. Weather compensation in a heat pump system has an added bonus because the heat pump operates more efficiently at a lower temperature. There are also disadvantages to weather compensation. The system can be slow to respond to changes in outside temperature, so if outdoor temperature changes rapidly there is usually a lag time in the system response. A weather compensation system has to be set up at the commissioning stage, and can be tweaked later on. 6.2. Speed control Some heat pump compressors have speed control to reduce heat pump output. These systems are different to a fixed output heat pump in a number of ways. They require a different expansion valve, for example. Retrofitting existing heat pumps to include speed control is usually not possible. Many heat pumps simply operate on an on/off basis, with no modulation possible in each circuit. In systems incorporating several heat pumps, or for heat pumps containing several refrigeration circuits, output is controlled by turning individual circuits on or off. These approaches reduce the number of starts needed, which means less wear on the system’s components and lower buffer capacity requirements. 28

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