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Heat Pumps Technology Guide SEAI Appendix 1: Heat pump concepts A.1. Concepts To upgrade heat, heat pumps and refrigeration systems exploit the following properties of gases: • When a gas expands it cools. If a gas is in a vessel at high pressure and at the temperature of the air around the vessel, and the pressure is rapidly reduced, the temperature of the gas in the vessel will decrease. This effect can be observed by spraying an aerosol can: the can gets cooler as the gas rapidly expands from the high pressure inside the can to the atmospheric pressure outside. • When a gas is compressed it gets warmer. If a gas is in a sealed container at ambient temperature and the pressure is increased, the gas gets warmer. The amount that a gas heats up as the pressure is increased varies between gases. Figure 20 shows the relationship between temperature and pressure for common refrigerant gases. Figure 22: Relationship between temperature and pressure for common refrigerant gases A.2. Heat pump cycles A heat pump system is a sealed loop that contains a gas. It uses an electrically driven compressor to compress the gas, taking it from a low temperature and pressure to a higher temperature and pressure, and an expansion valve to expand it again, at which point the gas cools. Heat from the heat source is then used to raise the temperature of the cooled gas, so that the cycle can begin again. To make heat pumps more efficient, the pressure of the gas when it absorbs heat is set so that it starts as a liquid and evaporates. Conversely, the pressure at which heat is provided is chosen so that the gas condenses back to a liquid state. 37PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technology Guide
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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