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better than 85%. A maximum efficiency of 92% is deemed possible. In this case the combustor would be condensing and therefore this efficiency would be based on the higher heating value. A turn down ratio of at least 5:1 is needed to accommodate the load range expected of the system. A preliminary layout of the combustor is shown in Fig. 3 (left). 3.1.2 Engine operating characteristics For other parameters fixed, a FPSE power is approximately proportional to the square of the piston amplitude as shown in Fig. 4. This presents some difficulties in load matching since the compressor input power is directly proportional to piston stroke. In case (a) in Fig. 4, it is clear that the compressor would draw more power than the engine is capable of supplying up to a stroke where the two curves intersect (point A). Thus at any stroke condition below this intersection, the engine would stall under the compressor load. Once the stroke exceeds the point where the powers intersect, the engine will provide more power than is possible for the compressor to absorb. Under this condition the engine will increase amplitude until it collides with its mechanical limits. Clearly this situation is unstable for all conditions of load and power. In case (b), the compressor load curve has a dead band and intersects the engine power curve at two points. Point B is a positively stable intersection since as stroke increases the load increases forcing the engine to reduce stroke while below this point the engine has more power than the load allowing it to increase its stroke until it reaches point B. Therefore, in order to ensure load matching, a linear alternator/motor of a maximum power capability of some 350 W is mounted between the engine and the compressor (see Fig. 3). This device may either add or extract power up to its rated maximum. The load shape of the alternator/motor curve may be made steep enough for positive stability under all operating conditions as shown in Fig. 4 case (c). Note that the intersection point B is determined by the reflected load from the alternator/motor and may be placed at any point on the engine curve. For points where the compressor power is higher than the engine power, the alternator/motor simply provides the shortfall. Under normal steady operating conditions it is never expected that the alternator/motor will dissipate its maximum rated power. The alternator/motor is also the starter for the engine and is sized for an efficiency of 91%. Figure 4: Power modulation with stroke 3.1.3 He-CO2 mixture and performance analysis 7PDF Image | HERMETIC GAS FIRED RESIDENTIAL HEAT PUMP
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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