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26 COP Scope t_SP >=1 Switch Temp and pressure control 120 p_SP (initial) start 0 Vehicle cabin with heatpump (FMU) freshair Fibonaci search method Fig. 10. Matlab control loop for vehicle cabin with heat pump and Fibonacci algorithm. with some offline method to ensure the highest possible COP even during fast transients. Obviously there are several ways to improve the basic heat pump control, what will be subject of future research. Particularly the heat pump could be controlled as a nonlinear MIMO system, what can bring more precise control and thus some energy savings and longer lifetime of the actuators. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was carried out under the project H2020 653514 OSEM-EV - Optimised and Systematic Energy Man- agement in Electric Vehicles. The research was supported by research infrastructure of CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology. The research results were verified in simulation using AVL CRUISE M simulation SW provided by AVL within University Partnership Program. REFERENCES [1] M. H. Kim, J. Pettersen, and C. W. Bullard, “Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 119–174, 2004. [2] J. M. Belman-Flores, V. Pe ́rez-Garc ́ıa, J. F. Ituna-Yudonago, J. L. Rodr ́ıguez-Mun ̃oz, and J. d. J. Ram ́ırez-Minguela, “General aspects of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant,” Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 96–106, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2- s2.0-84954217971&partnerID=tZOtx3y1 [3] Y. Ma, Z. Liu, and H. Tian, “A review of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump and refrigeration cycles,” Energy, vol. 55, pp. 156–172, 2013. [4] A. Sethi, E. Vera Becerra, and S. 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Glos, “FMUtoolbox for Matlab/ Simulink,” in 22nd Conference STUDENT EEICT 2016. Brno: Vysoke ́ ucˇen ́ı technicke ́ v Brneˇ, Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikacˇn ́ıch technologi ́ı, 2016, pp. 426–430. t_SP p_SP c_d K_v pt comp_displ P_h exv_kv Vehicle cabin with heat pump P_l T_cabin SH fresh_air HP Fibonacci algorithm COP finished for R744 heatpump startPDF Image | high-side pressure of R744 automotive heat pump using Fibonacci search
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