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IEA Implementing Agreements Heat Pump Programme – Annex 35 Industrial Energy-related Systems and Technologies – Annex 13 Barriers for application and solutions Heat pumps for the industrial use are available on the markets in the participating countries in recent years, just very few carried out applications can be found. To distinguish the reasons were a part of the survey in the annex: Lack of knowledge: The integration of heat pumps into industrial processes requires knowledge of the capabilities of industrial heat pumps, as well as knowledge about the process itself. Only few installers and decision makers in the industry have this combined knowledge, which enables them to integrate a heat pump in the most suitable way. Low awareness of heat consumption in companies: In most companies knowledge about heating and cooling demands of their processes is quite rare. This requires expensive and time consuming measurements to find an integration opportunity for an industrial heat pump Long payback periods: Compared to oil and gas burners, heat pumps have relatively high investment costs. At the same time companies expect very low payback periods of less than 2 or 3 years. Some companies were willing to accept payback periods up to 5 years, when it comes to investments into their energy infrastructure. To meet these expectations heat pumps need to have long running periods and good COPs to become economical feasible. High temperature application Many applications are limited to heat sink temperatures below 65°C. The theoretical potential for the application range of IHP increases significantly by developing energy efficient heat pumps including refrigerants for heat sink temperatures up to and higher than 100°C. The barriers can be solved, as shown in the results of the Annex: short payback periods are possible (less than 2 years), high reduction of CO2-emissionen (in some cases more than 50%), temperatures higher than 100°°C are possible, supply temperatures < 100°C are standard. The integration of industrial heat pumps into processes The methods of integration IHPs in processes range from applying rules by hand to far advanced mathematical optimization and are discussed in the literature. The Task 2 Report outlines specifically how the integration of IHPs in processes is supported by computer software, i.e. by modeling. In order to ‘update’ the Annex 21 screening program in the sense of a modern development retaining the original goals, a proposal has been made that allows a consistent integration of a heat pump into a process based on pinch analysis. The basic elements of this concept are: Substitution of the problem table algorithm in pinch analysis by an extended transshipment model which allows a simultaneous optimization of utilities and heat pump. Approximation of the heat exchanger network as in the standard pinch analysis. Development of an algorithm for selecting of a hot and cold stream (may be of several hot and cold streams) to which the heat pump could be connected. Development of a heat pump data base to be used within the simultaneous optimization. Since this optimization is nonlinear a special algorithm needs to be developed that enables convergence. This concept of integrating a heat pump into a process is ‘below’ sophisticated mathematical optimization models and could therefore be considered as an add-on to the widely used programs based on pinch analysis enhancing their capabilities. IEA Heat Pump Programme 2 www.heatpumpcentre.orgPDF Image | Industrial Heat Pumps
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