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Basics of Industrial Heat Pumps 3-41 Heat pump technology Industrial heat pump using R-134a, R-245fa, R-717, R-744 and hydrocarbons (HC), etc. However, except for R-744 and the flammables R-717 and HCs, which are natural refrig- erants with extremely low global warming potential (GWP.) HFCs such as R-134a and R- 245fa have high GWP values, and the use of HFCs are likely to be regulated in the view- point of global warming prevention in the foreseeable future. Therefore, development of alternative refrigerants with low GWP has been required. At present, as substitutes of R-134a, R-1234yf and R-1234ze (E) are considered to be promising, and R-1234ze (Z) is attractive as a substitute of R-245fa. R-365mfc is consid- ered to be suitable as a refrigerant of heat pump for vapor generation using waste heat, but its GWP value is high. Therefore, it seems that development of a substitute of R- 365mfc should be furthered. The table below shows basic characteristics of the present and future refrigerants for IHPs. Refrigerant R-290 R-601 R-717 R-744 R-1234yf R-134a R-1234ze(E) R-1234ze(Z) R-245fa R-1233zd R-1336mzz R-365mfc Table 3-1: Refrigerants, considered to be suitable for IHPs Chemical GWP Flammability Tc pc NBP formula °C M Pa °C CH3CH2CH3 ~20 yes 96.7 4.25 -42.1 CH3-CH2-CH2- ~20 yes 196.6 3.37 36.1 CH2-CH3 NH3 0 yes CO2 1 none CF3CF=CH2 <1 weak CF3CH2F 1,430 none CFH=CHCF3 6 weak CFH=CHCF3 <10 weak CF3CH2CHF2 1,030 none CF3CH2CF2CH3 6 none 9 none 794 weak 132.25 30.98 94.7 101.06 109.37 153.7 154.01 165.6 171 186,85 11.33 7.3773 3.382 4.0593 3.636 3.97 3.651 3.5709 n. a. 3.266 -33.33 -78.40 -29,48 -26.07 -18.96 9.76 15.14 n. a. n. a. 40.19PDF Image | Industrial Heat Pumps
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