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HPT TCP ANNEXES Fig. 2: Since Japanese houses are often small, the compactification of appliances is also progressing. Companies have developed slim and compact hot water storage tanks, to enable installation even in very narrow spaces. necessarily result in lowering the climate impact, ex- pressed in terms of the Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) value. LCCP evaluation can be necessary in order to account for the entire climate impact of a system when selecting an alternative refrigerant. » Legionella: Heat pumping technologies for single- family buildings as well as in collective systems for multi-family buildings, sports centres, hospitals, etc., are well suited and capable to deliver the required tem- peratures to fight Legionella. » System models: Objective comparison of systems from a policy point of view has to be based upon the chain efficiency, where the overall efficiencies for the complete chain from primary (fossil) energy to the end user are compared, and the weakest links in the chain are analysed. There is no publicly available model considering the technologies of water heating in systems nor innovative solutions for multifamily buildings. » Technical models: EDF, Waseda University, Oakridge National Laboratories and Ulster University have been working on modelling with a number of different per- spectives, and published scientific papers within this subject. The Annex has outreached to parties from non-participating countries through IIR contacts, such as KTH and Universitat Politècnica de València, sharing important information. » Research and Development: In the participating countries, some specific programs for R&D on heat pump water heaters are or have been running, and some general R&D programs run in which heat pump water heater technologies are supported, among other techniques. A large number of the main heat pump manufacturers/suppliers are not Original Equip- ment Manufacturers. R&D from these manufacturers is mostly ‘application development’, focusing on existing and future markets and customer needs and preferen- ces. This is an interesting market where innovation is of great importance in order to reach the market. Impor- tant topics for development, focusing on local market acceptance are • System technologies; • Installer-focused technologies (Figure 2); • End-user focused technologies; • Water quality management technologies; • Smart technologies. Annex website https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex46/ Contact Onno Kleefkens, Phetradico Communication & Publishing, The Netherlands. onno@phetradico.com VOL.38 NO 1/2020 HPT MAGAZINE 11PDF Image | Integration of Heat Pumps into the Future Energy
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