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MARKET REPORT Fig. 2: Shipments of Room Air Conditioners in Japan. Source: Aggregated from JRAIA statistical data [3] Room air conditioners According to a survey conducted by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2014[2], the room air conditioner penetration rate in Japan was 90%, and the number of units owned per 1,000 households was 2,723 units. About half of the house- holds have more than 3 room air conditioners (house- holds of 2 or more people). The number of room air con- ditioners shipped is 9.8 million units per year (2018), as shown in Figure 2, and continues to rise moderately. Since Japanese room air conditioners are often installed in each room after a house is built, separate units that do not affect the building during installation work and wall-mounted indoor units that do not affect the room layout are the mainstream. The power consumption of room air conditioners has decreased significantly, due to the effects of the energy- saving Top Runner Program started in 1999. Power consumption has improved significantly between 1999 and 2009. However, the amount of improvement has slowed down during the last ten years. As for refrige- rants, the conventional R410A was updated to R32, with one-third of the GWP value, from 2011 to 2013. In addition to performance improvements, additional functions are also advanced. For example, some humi- dity controls have a function of dehumidifying without lowering the room temperature and a non-supply water humidifying function of absorbing moisture from the outside air to humidify the room. Also, many air condi- tioners have an air purifying function. In addition to the function of automatically cleaning the filter, a function of automatically cleaning the inside of the air conditio- ner has also been developed. Technology that detects people in the room and saves electricity by heating and cooling the necessary area only, and blowing technology that individually controls comfort, are also progressing. In terms of operability, the application of IoT technology has enabled remote operation with mobile phones. Commercial air conditioners Figure 3 shows the shipment volume of commercial air conditioners. Overall shipments declined after pea- king at 1,050,000 units per year in 1991, and have been almost flat at around 800,000 units since 2011. By appli- cation, VRF building multi air conditioners have been in- creasing since 2000, and have been doubling over about 20 years. R32 refrigerant has been introduced in commercial air conditioners since around 2014, following its introduc- tion in room air conditioners. Commercial air condition- ers use more refrigerant than room air conditioners, so there are more issues in applying mildly flammable R32 refrigerant, but the use of R32 refrigerant started sequ- entially from small-capacity models, and R32 had been adopted in about half of commercial air conditioners by 2017. Domestic heat pump water heaters As shown in Figure 4, shipments of heat pump water heaters have increased significantly since their release in 2001. Shipments reached 570,000 units per year in 2010, but decreased after the Great East Japan Earth- quake in 2011. In 2015, the downward trend bottomed out and shipments increased again, and recently recove- red to 480,000 units in fiscal year 2018 (1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019; FY2018). Total shipments reached 6.39 million units at the end of FY2018. The target for FY2030 is a total of 14 million units. 24 HPT MAGAZINE VOL.38 NO 1/2020PDF Image | Integration of Heat Pumps into the Future Energy
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