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framework conditions exist, it is possible to exploit consi- derable potentials in terms of efficiency and costs. The correct design of the heat source system and the heat sink plays as much of a role as the dimensioning of the heat pump itself. As a first clue, AIT internally developed an Excel-based tool, which can be used to pre-estimate feasibility and cost-effectiveness. With the help of simple calculations and by comparing them to already realized plants, first conclusions can be drawn. The more detailed informa- tion about the planned project, the more accurate the in- itial assessment can be. Through the conversion into Ex- cel by means of VBA, and the database integrated in the tool as well as the user interface, the calculations can be carried out relatively easily and without prior knowledge of special software. The quick and easy adaptation of the underlying database is, therefore, also guaranteed. In addition to the electrically driven compression heat pumps, thermally driven heat pumps are used as well. Depending on the field of application, the advantages of the different technologies can be used. Best practice strategies With reference to the results achieved by the investiga- tions mentioned above, the importance and contribu- tions of heat pumps in district heating networks were pointed out, and recommendations for "best practice" strategies for the operation of heat pumps in combi- nation with a central storage unit were presented, see Figure 3: » heat pumps with dynamic pricing and demand-side management (DSM) are more resilient to market risks TOPICAL ARTICLE as dynamic operation counteracts fluctuations in fuel and electricity prices; » heat pumps increase the flexibility of district heating systems by expanding the heat generation portfolio, which enables higher reactivity through fast commissi- oning and low start-up costs as well as takes advanta- ge of the volatility of the electricity market and thermal batteries; » heat pumps can be used to increase renewable heat generation. In addition, low-temperature heat sources and alternative heat sources (e.g., waste heat) can be used. Implementation barriers, possibilities, and solutions District heating networks are essential for the future en- ergy system, especially in urban areas. The integration of heat pumps can reduce investment risks in DH networks, increase supply security, reduce CO2 emissions and thus contribute to the COP 21 objectives agreed on in Paris. At present, heat pumps play a minor role in European district heating networks. Barriers to the large-scale integration of heat pumps are, e.g. the lack of heat sources (often only available in small decentralized quantities) or a low temperature level of the sources (low efficiency). Similarly, most operators (still) have a lack of experience regarding the integration and operation of heat pumps in existing district heating systems compared to well-known biomass or gas-based generation units. Another barrier is the high temperature of the existing heat networks which reduces the heat pump’s efficiency. Furthermore, the high temperatures of these networks Fig. 3: Task cases. All the cases can be found at https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex47. VOL.38 NO 1/2020 HPT MAGAZINE 29PDF Image | Integration of Heat Pumps into the Future Energy
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