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TOPICAL ARTICLE Fig. 4: Three phases for the development of a heat supply strategy (Source: AIT). lead to large heat losses especially in residential buil- dings, which make heat networks almost unsustainable in very energy- efficient buildings. Thus, low temperature networks implementation would help to increase the use of heat pumps in these networks. An opening for R&D projects Nevertheless, in recent years there has been greater ac- ceptance of heat pumps among district heating opera- tors. This has led to many innovative heat pump projects. The optimum combination of heat generation plants in DH networks depends on the various parameters and is correspondingly individual for each network. A method for the development of sustainable heat supply concepts for district heating networks consists of three phases as shown in Figure 4. To achieve a sustainable heat supply which includes a significant proportion of alternative heat sources, the im- plementation of more demonstration sites is necessary. The success factors are: » Strong partners (companies, institutes, start-ups, etc.) » Projects (demo, best practice, show up experiences and motivation to install HPs) » Learning by doing (requires pioneers who are willing to "pay their dues “) » Energy spatial planning (localizing waste heat, avoiding double infrastructure) » Standardized solutions (R&D, cost degression/ economy of scale) » Price signals (to the use of fossil fuel; reduce the burden from tax and levy on clean energy) A key technology in future district heating District heating in general, and heat pumps connected to the grids in particular, are predicted to play a key role in the energy grid and supply for the future. With the imple- mentation of district heating, it is possible to cover up to 50% of the heating demand in Europe, and heat pumps can deliver around 25% of the energy to the district hea- ting grid. The Heat Roadmap Europe 4 scenarios with a larger share of district heating in the energy system show that the CO2 emissions can be reduced with more than 70% compared to the current situation. Heat pumps can be a key technology in the future district heating grid in different ways: 1. Heat pumps can act as a balancing technology when the electrical production fluctuates. 2. Heat pumps phase out fossil fuels from the energy system. 3. Heat pumps make it possible to use very low (below 60 °C) and ultra-low (below 45 °C) temperatures in the district heating grid. 4. Heat pumps make it possible to minimize grid losses in the district heating grid. SVEND VINTHER PEDERSEN Senior Specialist Danish Technological Institute Denmark svp@teknologisk.dk https://doi.org/10.23697/x1qs-ps12 30 HPT MAGAZINE VOL.38 NO 1/2020PDF Image | Integration of Heat Pumps into the Future Energy
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