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2509, Page 7 Outdoor Coil Tshro2, Pshro2 Tshri2, Pshri2 Mr Tshri, Pshri SLHX Tshro, Pshro Tcri XV NV Ml Suction Accumulator Mo Trcpo, Prcpo NV Tori DPcr Pcro Tcro Tcro2 Oil Separator Tero3 Tero2 Tero1 Tero Pcc Comp Trcpi, Prcpi Teri DPer Indoor Coil Pero Figure 7: R744 Heat Pump System The R744 heat pump was tested at several ambient temperatures going down to -40°C. At each ambient condition the indoor temperature was increased from the ambient temperature up to 20°C (in most cases) in a series of steady state points to simulate the warm up of the cabin as shown in Figure 8. All conditions shown in the figure were run at a worst-case compressor idle speed and higher capacities could be achieved at higher vehicle speeds (or compressor speeds in the case of an electric vehicle with variable speed electric compressor). R744 showed good heating capacity of 4kW to 5kW at each of the lowest indoor/outdoor temperature combinations where the greatest heating is needed. Comparing similar conditions of -20°C and -10°C between the 3 refrigerants yields similar heating capacities between the R134a/R744 blend and R744 with R744 being 10% higher at -20°C at 4kW compared to 3.6kW. As shown above, these are both significantly above the R134a capacity at approximately 30% higher at -10°C. The COP of the R744 heat pump was much higher than that of the other fluids. At -10°C the R744 COP was 3.2 compared to R134a and the R134a/R744 blend exhibiting COP values of approximately 2. At -20°C the R744 COP was nearly double that of the R134a/R744 blend at 3.4 compared to 1.8 respectively. Ambient temperatures -20°C 0°C -10°C Q -Heating capacity COP -40°C 5 4 3 2 1 0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Indoor air temperature [°C] Figure 8: R744 Heat Pump Results 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014 Heating Capacity [kW], COP [-]PDF Image | Mobile Heat Pump Exploration Using R445A and R744
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