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100.0 10.0 1.0 0.1 -50-40-30-20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 Temperature [ ̊C] R410A R134a R513A R450A R32 R1234yf R1234ze R152a Isobutane Propane Propylene Figure 2.5. Pressure and operation criteria Regarding the temperatures, the lower and upper limits coincide with the working interval of the heat pump, here taken as -10°C to 60 °C. Considering the pressures, the lower limit is set to the atmospheric pressure, as operation under such limit would imply contamination of system with air form the surroundings and thus possible damage to the system. The upper limit, is set in relation to equipment limitations such as pipes’ thickness etc. It is to be noted that R410A already operates at the highest pressure considered, and thus the equipment available can already support all of the alternatives’ options, except CO2. Hence, it will not be regarded as a valid alternative. Moreover, it can be seen on the graph that the isobutene would entail an operation pressure very close to the lower limit, and therefore will not be considered for further analysis. When observing R32, it is evident that its operational conditions are very similar to R410A. In fact, R32 represent an almost perfect drop-in replacement; restrictions due to its flammability though exist, and -18- Pressure [bar]PDF Image | Next generation of refrigerants for residential heat pump systems
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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