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the refrigerant occurs, with superheating, by the means of the heat absorbed from the secondary fluid. Point 1’, at the intersection of the isobaric process line at evaporation pressure and the saturated vapour line, represents the start of the superheating phase. 2 to 3 is the compression phase, where the full line is the ideal, isentropic one, and the dashed line the real. From 3 to 4 the refrigerant undergoes the condensation process, consisting of desuperheating (3 to 3’, crossing of isobaric at condensation pressure and saturated vapour line), condensation (3’ to 3’’, crossing of the isobaric at condensation pressure and saturated liquid line) and subcooling (3’’ to 4), releasing heat to the secondary fluid. The process from 4 to 1 is the expansion. Figure 3.2. Vapour compression cycle in log(p)-h diagram (left) and T-s diagram (right) In the case of the heat pump application of the cycle, the sought product is the rejected heat during the condensation process and can be expressed as in equations (3.1) and (3.2). where 𝑞1 and 𝑄̇1 expressed in J/kg and W respectively are the heat rejected, or condenser load, h3 the enthalpy and the inlet of the condenser, h4 the enthalpy at its outlet, in J/kg and 𝑚̇ the refrigerant mass flow, in kg/s. The heat absorbed by the refrigerant during the evaporation process is given by equations (3.3) and (3.4). 𝑞1 = h3 − h4 𝑄1 = 𝑚̇ (h3 − h4 ) ̇ (3.1) (3.2) 𝑞2 = h2 − h1 𝑄2 = 𝑚̇ (h2 − h1 ) ̇ (3.3) (3.4) -22-PDF Image | Next generation of refrigerants for residential heat pump systems
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