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6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 R410A R32 R152a R290 R1270 R1234yf R1234ze(E) -22-20-18-16-14-12-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Outdoor temperature [°C] Figure 4.4. COP vs. outdoor temperature (radiator heating) When focusing on the lowest temperatures of the range, it can be observed that up to -7 °C the baseline R410A is also outperformed by both the hydrocarbons, R290 (up to -5 °C) and R1270. In the case of propane, the relative difference below -7°C is smaller than 1%. R1270 presents a slightly higher COP along all the range, and reaches an increase up to 2.2% compared to R410A at the lowest temperature evaluated. Along the range they maintain a very close growth trend. Concerning the HFOs, R1234yf and R1234ze(E), it appears that they present the lowest COPs overall. The latter maintains along the range a higher COP, with a relative difference with R1234yf almost constant. At higher temperatures, the overall best COP is shown by R32. The excess to R410A increases with increasing temperature. Propane and propylene experience a slowdown in their growth rate, thus being outperformed by every other refrigerant along the range. Specifically, R1234ze(E) outperforms R1270 and R290 respectively at 5 °C and 6°C, and R1234yf and 11 °C and 12 °C. They register the highest decrease compared to R410A at the highest temperature of the interval, equal to -8.9% for R290 and - 8.8% for R1270. At 12 °C, R410A outperforms R152a, thus offering the best performance at the highest temperatures, excluding R32. -36- COP [-]PDF Image | Next generation of refrigerants for residential heat pump systems
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