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Energies 2020, 13, 5654 16 of 18 EER of 3.55 and a system EER of 2.74 have been found. As for the heating operation, in December, the heat pump COP was 2.15, while the system COP was 2.01. 5. Conclusions In the present work, the configuration and monitored data for a novel cascade GSHP developed within the H2020 Cheap-GSHP project, concluded in 2019, are presented. The heat pump, installed at the Technical Museum Nikola Tesla in Zagreb, uses CO2 and R1234ze as the working fluids in a transcritical cycle where the common expansion valve is replaced by the ejector technology and in the high-temperature cycle, respectively. During the heating season, the reversible heat pump provides high-temperature water used for the space heating of the historical building provided with fan coil terminal units, rejecting heat to the ground through the use of six borehole heat exchangers. Data for temperatures and pressures at the heat exchangers are shown for some representative days of the warm and cold seasons, and the logic controls regulating the operations of the heat pump are explained. Even though the heat pump is a prototype built with devices and components normally used in commercial refrigeration and not for HVAC systems, the results in terms of COP and EER values are not different if compared with standard high-temperature double-stage heat pumps present in the market. Moreover, the case study presented has several positive characteristics and innovations, such as the use of low-GWP refrigerant, CO2 (R744), and R1234ze. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, G.E.; methodology, G.E., S.B., L.C. and M.D.C.; validation, G.E., S.B., L.C., F.P. and A.T.; formal analysis, G.E., S.B. and L.C.; investigation, G.E., S.B. and F.P.; resources, F.P.; data curation, G.E., S.B. and F.P.; writing—original draft preparation, G.E. and S.B.; writing—review and editing, M.D.C., F.P., A.G., D.P., G.M. and A.B.; visualization, G.E. and S.B.; supervision, G.E., S.B. and A.B.; project administration, A.B.; funding acquisition, A.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: Cheap-GSHPs project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 657982. Acknowledgments: The authors thank many people that contributed, participated and supported this work. For the work performed at the Technical Museum Nikola Tesla in Zagreb, the director Franulic ́ and Eng. Branimir Prgomet, Davor Trupokovic ́, Assistant Minister, Ministry of Culture of Croatia, Vladimir Soldo, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of Zagreb, Eng. Ante Pokupcˇic ́ and Arch. Željko Kovacˇic ́, designer of the technical room, heat pump installer Eng. Franjo Banic ́, Trojanovic ́ local REHAU staff, Veljko Mihalic ́, Ines Franov Beokovic ́, Narcisa Vrdoljak and Jasna Šc ́avnicˇar Ivkovic ́, Municipality and City office of Zagreb, Vesna Drasal from E-kolektor services, Miljenko Sedlar, Deputy Principal of Department for project implementation, Rut Carek, Secretary General, Croatian Commission for UNESCO. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Eurostat. Energy Data, 2020 ed.; Eurostat: Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 2020. [CrossRef] 2. Energy Consumption in Households–Statistics Explained. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_consumption_in_households (accessed on 3 May 2020). 3. Piselli, C.; Romanelli, J.; Di Grazia, M.; Gavagni, A.; Moretti, E.; Nicolini, A.; Cotana, F.; Strangis, F.; Witte, H.J.L.; Pisello, A.L. An Integrated HBIM Simulation Approach for Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Implemented in a Case Study of a Medieval Fortress in Italy. Energies 2020, 13, 2601. [CrossRef] 4. Hirvonen, J.; Jokisalo, J.; Kosonen, R. The Effect of Deep Energy Retrofit on The Hourly Power Demand of Finnish Detached Houses. Energies 2020, 13, 1773. [CrossRef] 5. Arpagaus, C.; Bless, F.; Uhlmann, M.; Schiffmann, J.; Bertsch, S.S. High temperature heat pumps: Market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials. Energy 2018, 152, 985–1010. [CrossRef] 6. Luo, B.; Zou, P. Performance analysis of different single stage advanced vapor compression cycles and refrigerants for high temperature heat pumps. Int. J. Refrig. 2019, 104, 246–258. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Novel Ground-Source Heat Pump with R744
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