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Black plate (231,1) . Medical applications: Hemosorb and QuikClot are commercial products based on zeolites which, when applied to wounds (in accidents or surgery), are said to cause an ‘‘instant’’ cessation of bleeding. Zeolites are also used in kidney dialysis machines, to absorb ammonia from blood and prevent it from building up in the body (a job that healthy kidneys normally do). . Separation of gases: there are commercial units that can provide oxygen of 95% purity for use in hospitals or for patients e.g. suffering from emphysema and other forms of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (OPD), by separating it from air. Nitrogen (80% of air) is preferentially absorbed over oxygen by a zeolite because of its much larger molecular electric quadrupole moment, and so enables oxygen to separate from air almost in a state of purity. . Agriculture: for supplying K þ and NH4 þ to plants from soils that have been enriched with zeolites exchanged specifically with these cations. It is suggested that such ‘‘zeoponics’’, as the strategy is called, might be used to grow food on long space missions, e.g. if we ever send ‘‘a man to Mars’’. . Contaminated, e.g. Brown Field land, may be rendered fit for building and even for agriculture by treating the soil with sufficient quantities of zeolites1,4. . Use in more efficient heating systems. Essentially, the adsorbed water can be driven out of a zeolite by heat, but when the water is readsorbed, heat is given out. The principle can be incorporated into a heat-pump system which uses more of the available energy for actual heating, most of which would otherwise be wasted. . Zeolites are also effective in environmental decontamination stra- tegies, e.g. around 500,000 tonnes of zeolites were used in the clean-up after the nuclear power plant disaster at Chernobyl, which involved monopolising virtually every zeolite production facility in the entire former U.S.S.R. Zeolites were fed to cattle in an effort to keep the radioactive ions out of the milk, and were baked into bread and into biscuits (cookies) for children similarly in an effort to minimise radioactive contamination in humans4,7. Albeit on a smaller scale since the problem was far more contained, zeolites were also used at ‘‘Three Mile Island’’, a decade or so before Chernobyl. www.scienceprogress.co.uk Properties and applications of zeolites 231PDF Image | Properties and applications of zeolites
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