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7th European Thermal-Sciences Conference (Eurotherm2016) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 745 (2016) 032157 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032157 Figure 3. Fuel consumption of a Toyota Yaris (MY 2006) with different mobile AC systems when driving a New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) at various ambient temperatures, Wischollek et al. [25]. The measurement results in figure 3 show that a carefully designed CO2 mobile AC system is able to perform at a high energy efficiency level, even in small cars and at high ambient temperatures. Currently German suppliers for the automotive industry are able to provide compact CO2 heat pump solutions, which also can be applied in hybrid or electric cars (Hinrichs [6]). Despite the pressure form the chemical industry and their lobbyists in Brussel, central European car manufactures have declared that HFC's are not sustainable alternatives for their mobile AC systems in the long run. In close cooperation with supplies the serial production of CO2 systems for cars will be achieved by 2017 (Daimler [3]), the sunset year of HFC-134a systems in new cars, as declared in the EU MAC directive. When the focus is turned towards improving the energy efficiency of mobile AC and heat pumping systems, CO2 ejector technology will also be considered, since the potential expansion work recovery cannot be neglected in these systems. The ejectors due have a significant advantage compared to other expansion work recovery solutions, they do not need moving parts (reliability), can be produced cost efficient in large numbers and enhance the heat transfer in the evaporators. 7PDF Image | R744 ejector technology
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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